COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 âUNITED STATESã: U.S. SUMMARY, STATE, AND COUNTY DATA (ICPSR 6382) Principal Investigator United States Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census First ICPSR Version December 1994 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 1 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 âUNITED STATESã: U.S. SUMMARY, STATE, AND COUNTY DATA âComputer fileã. ICPSR version. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census âproducerã, 1993. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter- university Consortium for Political and Social Research âdistributorã, 1994. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. DATA DISCLAIMER The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. 1 1 DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTION United States Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 âUNITED STATESã: U.S. SUMMARY, STATE, AND COUNTY DATA (ICPSR 6382) SUMMARY: The total number of business establishments, mid-March employment figures, and first quarter and annual payrolls are supplied in this data collection at the county, state, and national levels. Also provided are data on the number of establishments by employment-size class. Data are provided for most divisions of the economy, including agricultural services, mining, construction, manufacturing, transportation, public utilities, wholesale trade, retail trade, finance, insurance, real estate, and services. However, data are not included for agriculture production, railroad, government, or household employment. Included with this aggregate data collection is a file containing 1987 revised Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) designations used with data from 1988 and later years. UNIVERSE: All business establishments with one or more paid employees in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and counties, excluding agriculture production, railroad, government, or household employment. Government hospitals were included beginning with 1989 data. RESTRICTIONS: In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. However, the number of establishments in a kind of business classification and the distribution of these establishments by employment-size class are not considered to be disclosures, and so this information may be released. EXTENT OF COLLECTION: 11 data files + machine-readable documentation (text) EXTENT OF PROCESSING: SCAN DATA FORMAT: Logical Record Length Part 1: United States Summary Data Part 2: State Summary Data File Structure: rectangular File Structure: rectangular Cases: 1,136 Cases: 49,541 Variables: 54 Variables: 56 Record Length: 328 Record Length: 300 Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1 1 Part 3: County Summary Data, Part 4: County Summary Data, Census Geographic Division 1 Census Geographic Division 2 File Structure: rectangular File Structure: rectangular Cases: 34,973 Cases: 79,732 Variables: 27 Variables: 27 Record Length: 140 Record Length: 140 Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1 Part 5: County Summary Data, Part 6: County Summary Data, Census Geographic Division 3 Census Geographic Division 4 File Structure: rectangular File Structure: rectangular Cases: 162,307 Cases: 145,649 Variables: 27 Variables: 27 Record Length: 140 Record Length: 140 Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1 Part 7: County Summary Data, Part 8: County Summary Data, Census Geographic Division 5 Census Geographic Division 6 File Structure: rectangular File Structure: rectangular Cases: 187,451 Cases: 99,135 Variables: 27 Variables: 27 Record Length: 140 Record Length: 140 Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1 Part 9: County Summary Data, Part 10: County Summary Data, Census Geographic Division 7 Census Geographic Division 8 File Structure: rectangular File Structure: rectangular Cases: 125,779 Cases: 71,451 Variables: 27 Variables: 27 Record Length: 140 Record Length: 140 Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1 Part 11: County Summary Data, Part 12: 1987 Revised Standard Census Geographic Division 9 Industrial Classification File Structure: rectangular (SIC) Designations Cases: 67,469 Record Length: 60 Variables: 27 Record Length: 140 Part 13: Codebook for All Parts Records Per Case: 1 Record Length: 79 RELATED PUBLICATION: United States Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. 1 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 1 Page 2 ICPSR 6382 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 3 COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION CBP-93 1 Page 4 ICPSR 6382 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 5 COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 Technical Documentation Washington, D.C. Issued November 1993 U.S. Department of Commerce Ronald H. Brown, Secretary Economics and Statisties Administration Paul A. London, Acting Under Secretary for Economic Affairs Bureau of the Census Harry A. Scarr, Acting Director 1 Page 6 ICPSR 6382 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 7 BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Harry A. Scarr, Acting Director DATA USER SERVICES DIVISION Marshall L. Turner, Jr., Chief Mario G. Argana, Assistant Chief for User Services * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Technical support was provided through content review of this technical documentation by the Economic Census and Surveys Division under the direction of Zigmund Decker, Chief of its County Business Patterns Branch, assisted by Gerald Feuer. This technical documentation was prepared within the Data Access and Use Branch, under the direction of Deborah D. Barrett, Chief, and Patricia O. Fuellhart, Chief of its Technical Information Section. Amanda D. Shields was coordinator for this file. The FILE should be cited as follows: County Business Patterns, (Year): U.S. Summary File (machine- readable data file) / prepared by the Bureau of the Census --Washington: The Bureau (producer and distributor). County Business Patterns, (Year): State File (machine-readable data file) / prepared by the Bureau of the Census. --Washington: The Bureau (producer and distributor). County Business Patterns, (Year): County File (machine-readable data file) / prepared by the Bureau of the Census --Washington: The Bureau (producer and distributor). The TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION should be cited as follows: County Business Patterns, 1991 Technical Documentation / prepared by Data Access and Use Branch, Data User Services Division, Bureau of the Census. Washington: The Bureau 1993. For additional information concerning the SUBJECT MATTER of the file, contact Economic Census and Surveys Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Telephone: 301-763-5430. For additional information concerning the TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION, contact Data User Services Division, Data Access and Use Branch, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Telephone: 301-763-2074. 1 Page 8 ICPSR 6382 For additional information concerning the FILE, contact Data User Services Division, Systems and Programming Branch, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Telephone: 301-763-4100. 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 ABSTRACT........................................................... 11 OVERWIEW........................................................... 15 Source of Data................................................... 15 Comparability With Other Data.................................... 16 Reliability of Data.............................................. 18 Confidentiality.................................................. 18 GLOSSARY OF DATA ITEMS............................................. 19 HOW TO USE THE DATA DICTIONARIES................................... 23 DATA DICTIONARIES County Business Patterns, 1991 U.S. Summary Data............................................... 25 County Business Patterns, 1991 State Data...................................................... 35 County Business Patterns, 1991 County Data.................................................... 47 APPENDIX A - FIPS State and County Code List....................... 55 APPENDIX B - Standard Industrial Classification Industries Combined for County Business Patterns.................. 89 APPENDIX C - 1987 SIC Code List.................................... 93 1 Page 10 ICPSR 6382 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 11 ABSTRACT County Business Patterns, 1991 (machine-readable data file) / prepared by the Bureau of the Census --Washington. The Bureau (producer and distributor), 1993. TYPE OF FILE: Summary statistics. UNIVERSE DESCRIPTION: The universe is all business establishments with one or more paid employees. Data are not included for agriculture production, railroad, most government, or household employment Data are tabulated by detailed industry based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) designations. (Data for the 1987 County Business Patterns and earlier years were based on the 1972 SIC designations.) SUBJECT-MATTER DESCRIPTION: This file provides data on total number of establishments, mid-March employment, first quarter and annual payroll and number of establishments by employment-size classes. Whereas data in COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS printed reports are not shown for SIC's with fewer than 50 employees in a given area, there is no such restriction on the data files. This series excludes governmental establishments classified in the covered industries except for liquor stores and wholesale liquor establishments operated by State and local governments; all government hospitals are included beginning with 1989 data. GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE: United States, 50 states, the District of Columbia, and counties. Data for Puerto Rico is released only in publication format. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: File Medium: Computer tape. File Structure: Rectangular. File Size: The State file contains 49,000 records. The county file contains approximately 950,000 records. The U.S. Summary file contains approximately 1,140 records. File Sort Sequence: U.S. Summary File (formerly File 1B) 2-, 3-, and 4-digit SIC code. 1 Page 12 ICPSR 6382 State File (formerly File 1B) FIPS State Code by 2-, 3-, and 4-digit SIC code. County File (formerly File 2) FIPS State Code by FIPS county code by 2-, 3-, and 4-digit SIC code. REFERENCE MATERIALS: COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION. The documentation contains this abstract, other information about the file, a glossary, and data dictionaries. One copy accompanies each file order. When ordered separately, it is available for $10 from Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Telephone: 301-763-4100. RELATED PRINTED REPORTS: U.S. Bureau of the Census. COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991. Fifty-three reports will be issued: one for each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and a U.S. Summary. These reports will be available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Price varies by report. Contact Customer Services (301-763-4100) for ordering information. RELATED ONLINE DATA: 1991 County Business Patterns data tables showing the total number of establishments, mid-March employment, and annual payroll are available by by SIC code for the United States, States, and individual counties through CENDATA /TM, the Census Bureau's online information system. CENDATA is available through two commercial vendors: CompuServe (telephone 1-800-848-8199 to open an account) and DIALOG (telephone 1-800-334-2564 to open an account). For additional information about CENDATA, contact the CENDATA staff at 301-763-2074. RELATED FLEXIBLE DISK FILES: Selected County Business Patterns data are available on 5-1/4" flexible disks in an IBM PC (8 or 9 sectors, single- or double-sided) double-density format. The State and county files an available by 2-digit SIC code only. For further information, contact Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. RELATED CD-ROM FILES: County Business Patterns data are available in dBASE III+ /TM format on CD-ROM beginning with the 1986 series. For further information, contact Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 13 RELATED MICROFICHE: County Business Patterns reports (1965-1990) are available on microfiche. These microfiche are the same as the printed reports. For further information, contact Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233. Telephone: 301-763-4100. FILE AVAILABILITY: The U.S. Summary and SMSA files are sold together by year(s) for 1975-1978, and U.S. Summaries only for 1979-1991. State and county data are available separately for each census geographic division by individual year, 1974-1991. County Business Patterns files for the most recent years can be ordered from Data User Services Division by using the Customer Services order form. When ordering, please include file name and year. Include the division number (see list below) if requesting county data for selected divisions only. Contact the National Archives (Telephone: 202-501-5579) for ordering and pricing information for data years prior to 1988. FILE NAME YEAR U.S. Specify Year (formerly CBP 1B) 1979-1991 U.S./SMSA Specify Year (formerly CBP 1B/2) 1975-1978 State Specify Year (formerly CBP 1B) 1974-1991 County Specify Year (formerly CBP 2) 1974-1991 CENSUS GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS DIVISION 1 DIVISION 4 DIVISION 7 Maine Minnesota Arkansas New Hampshire Iowa Louisiana Vermont Missouri Oklahoma Massachusetts North Dakota Texas Rhode Island South Dakota Connecticut Nebraska Kansas 1 Page 14 ICPSR 6382 DIVISION 2 DIVISION 5 DIVISION 8 New York Delaware Montana New Jersey Maryland Idaho Pennslyvania District of Columbia Wyoming Virginia Colorado West Virginia New Mexico North Carolina Arizona South Carolina Utah Georgia Nevada Florida DIVISION 3 DIVISION 6 DIVISION 9 Ohio Kentucky Washington Indiana Tennessee Oregon Illinois Alabama California Michigan Mississippi Alaska Wisconsin Hawaii 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 15 OVERVIEW COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 The County Business Patterns is an annual series that includes a separate report for each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and a U.S. Summary. Each report presents State- and county- level mid-March employment, first quarter and annual payrolls, total number of establishments, and number of establishments by employment- size class. The data are tabulated by industry as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. Most economic divisions of the Nation's economy are covered: agricultural services; mining; construction; manufacturing, transportation, public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, real estate; and services. This series represents an extension of a program that has been published annually since 1964 and at irregular intervals dating back to 1946. The comparability of data may be affected by: a definitional change to an establishment basis of tabulation from a "reporting unit" concept prior to 1974; the determination of active status of an establishment prior to 1983; and changes in industrial classification beginning in 1988. The data generally represent the types of employment covered by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). Data for employees of establishments totally exempt from FICA are excluded, as are self-employed persons, domestic service workers, railroad employees, agricultural production workers, most government employees, and employees on oceanborne vessels or in foreign countries. County Business Patterns is the only series that provides annual subnational data by two-, three-, and four-digit levels of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The series, therefore, is useful for making basic economic studies of small areas, for analyzing the industrial structure of regions, and as a benchmark for statistical series, surveys, and databases between economic censuses. The series serves various business uses, e.g., analyzing market potential measuring the effectiveness of sales and advertising programs and setting sales quotas and budgets. The data are also used by government agencies for administration and planning. SOURCE OF DATA County Business Patterns basic data items are extracted from the Standard Statistical Establishment List, a file of all known single- and multi-establishment companies maintained and updated by the Bureau of the Census. The Annual Company Organization Survey provides individual establishment data for multi-location firms. 1 Page 16 ICPSR 6382 Data for single-location firms are obtained from various programs conducted by the Census Bureau, such as, the Annual Report of Organization, the Annual Survey of Manufactures, and Current Business Surveys, as well as from administrative records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). COMPARABILITY WITH OTHER DATA DATA IN COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS 1988 Beginning with the 1988 series, industry classifications are based on the 1987 edition of the SIC manual. Data users should exercise caution when analyzing changes in reported three- and four- digit (and in some cases two-digit) SIC levels between 1988 and 1987 data years for industries affected by this revision. The SIC codes and short titles for industries in-scope of the current series are shown in Appendix C. DATA IN COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS PRIOR TO 1974 INDUSTRY. Beginning with the 1974 series, industry classifications are based on the 1972 edition of the SIC manual. Data users should exercise caution when analyzing changes in reported three- and four-digit SIC levels between 1974 and 1973 data years for industries affected by this revision. PAYROLL. The current County Business Patterns provides total first quarter and total annual payroll. The series prior to 1974 presented only FICA taxable first quarter payroll annual FICA payroll was not available. The difference between FICA taxable payroll and total compensation not only varies by economic industry, but also has increased over time. REPORTING UNITS. The current series is tabulated on an establishment basis; data prior to 1974 were tabulated as "reporting units." For nonmanufacturing industries, multilocation employers were counted only once in each county for each industry in which they operated, regardless of the number of establishments operated. Reporting unit counts for economic sectors other than manufacturing industries, therefore, understate the number of locations. EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL IN THE 1987 ECONOMIC CENSUSES In comparing the employment and payroll shown in this series with that compiled from the economic census the data user should bear in mind that definitional and coverage differences may affect the direct comparison of data items. The differences between sources may be discerned through a review of the introductory texts of the appropriate publications. In particular, please note that the Economic Censuses were based on the revised SIC system, while the County Business Patterns first used the new coding scheme for the 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 17 1988 data year. In general the economic Censuses present reported data for individual establishments, whereas the County Business Patterns is based primarily on administrative records and data reported from current surveys. While every effort is made to resolve significant differences for the same establishment, differences are known to exist. Also the censuses include small firms with no paid employees. The County Business Patterns employment count, which represents the number of employees for the pay period including March 12, is comparable to employment reported for the Censuses of Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade, and Service Industries. However, employment data for the Censuses of Manufacturing and Mineral Industries represents an average of all production workers on the payroll during the four pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November, plus all other employees on the payroll during the March 12 pay period. Also, employment for the Census of Construction Industries represents estimates of the average number of employees for the four pay periods mentioned above. STATE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE PROGRAM Employment and payroll data are compiled for each of the unemployment insurance agencies of the States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico and are published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). These State, and related county or other local area data, are derived from quarterly reports submitted to State employment security agencies by employers subject to unemployment insurance laws. Comparability between the BLS series and the County Business Patterns series may be affected by differences in the unit of industrial classification (establishment versus reporting unit); the exclusion of small nonprofit organizations, certain religious organizations, and church-chartered schools from the BLS series; and variation between reports that are intended for different purposes are submitted both to Federal and to State agencies. BLS EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR FARES ESTIMATES LABOR FORCE ESTIMATES. National estimates of the number of employed and unemployed persons in the labor force are published in the BLS report Employment and Earnings. This information is obtained from a nationwide sample of households and differs in definition, concept, and method of measurement from information derived from business employment records. For the household survey, workers are counted according to their place of residence, and industrial classification of the place of business is determined from information obtained from household respondents. In addition, there are differences in the time period to which the reports refer and variations in estimates based on the sample survey. 1 Page 18 ICPSR 6382 EMPLOYMENT ESTIMATES. In cooperation with the BLS, agencies in each State prepare current monthly employment estimates both statewide and for selected metropolitan areas. These estimates, which are based on reports from a sample of employers, differ from County Business Patterns in that the industry classification assigned to the same entity may differ, the BLS series includes government and railroad employment, and there are variations in estimates based on the sample survey. RELIABILITY OF DATA All data are tabulated from universe files and are not subject to sampling errors. However, the data are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the universe; definition and classification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained, and other errors of collection, response, coverage, and estimation for missing or misreported data. The accuracy of the data is determined by the joint effects of the various nonsampling errors. No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained; however, precautionary steps were taken in all phases of collection, processing, and tabulation to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors. Estimating techniques are used for employers who reported too late to be included in the tabulations and for records that failed computer edits or had incomplete reporting of data items. The current imputation procedure is identical to that used since 1978. For a description of the methodologies used as well as estimates of the level of imputation for the various data items contact: Chief, County Business Patterns Branch, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Also, data for some establishments that could not be classified by detailed industry are tabulated at a broader industrial level. For these reasons, the sum of the industry components may not equal the total shown. CONFIDENTIALITY In accordance with U.S. Code, Title 13, Section 9, no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual employer. However, the number of establishments in a kind of business classification and the distribution of these establishments by employment-size class are not considered to be disclosures, and so this information may be released even though other information is withheld from publication. 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 19 GLOSSARY OF DATA ITEMS COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 ESTABLISHMENT. An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. It is not necessarily identical with a company or enterprise, which may consist of one establishment or more. All activities carried on at a location generally are grouped together and classified on the basis of the major reported activity, and all data for the establishment are included in that classification. Administrative and auxiliary establishments primarily manage, administer, service, or support the activities of other establishments of the same company rather than the establishments of other business firms or the general public. Employment and payroll for these establishments are shown separately by industry division for each State and county. All legal entities (corporation, partnership, individual proprietorship, etc.) having paid employees are required to file an Employer's Quarterly Federal Tax Return, Treasury Form 941. For legal entities comprised of more than one location (multiestablishment companies), data are obtained on an individual establishment basis from the Annual Company Organization Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census. Data in the County Business Patterns for such legal entities are represented by reported establishment data on the basis of the annual report. Establishment size designations are determined by paid employment in the mid-March pay period. The size group "1 to 4" includes establishments that did not report any paid employees in the mid-March pay period but paid wages to at least one employee at some time during the year. Establishment counts represent the number of locations determined to be active anytime during the year (payroll reported in any quarter). In years prior to 1983, the count of establishments represented the number of businesses active in the fourth quarter. This change in definition reduced the differences in the published number of establishments between the County Business Patterns and other economic data programs. This series excludes governmental establishments classified in the covered industries except for liquor stores (SIC 592) and wholesale liquor establishments. (SIC 518) operated by State and local governments; all hospitals (SIC 806) were included beginning with 1989 data. 1 Page 20 ICPSR 6382 PAYROLL. Total annual payroll includes all forms of compensation, such as, salaries, wages, commissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value of payments in kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year to all employees. Tips and gratuities received by employees from patrons and reported to employers are included. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it does not include profit or other compensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. This definition of payroll is the same as that used by the IRS on Form 941. First-quarter payroll consists of payroll as defined above, paid to persons employed at any time during the January-to-March quarter. MID-MARCH EMPLOYMENT. Paid employment consists of full and part-time employees including salaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the payroll in the pay period including March 12. Included are employees on paid sick leave, holidays, and vacations; not included are proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses. The definition of paid employees is the same as that used on IRS Form 941. INDUSTRY AND GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION Industry codes are obtained from a variety of sources. Initially, employers are assigned an industry classification code by the Social Security Administration on the basis of the nature of business information supplied on the Application for Employer Identification Number, Treasury Form SS-4. These codes may be supplemented by information derived from business tax returns submitted to the IRS or from later detail supplied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Census Bureau assigns State and county codes based on the address information obtained from the Business Master Files of the IRS. Geographic codes and industry classifications are updated for a substantial number of establishments canvassed in the Economic Censuses, Annual Survey of Manufactures, Annual Company Organization Survey, and Current Business Surveys. These changes based on the physical location and major activity of the establishment as determined nature of business, type of operation, and commodities handled or services rendered. Industry and geographic codes assigned to establishments in the 1987 Economic Censuses were incorporated into the 1988 County Business Patterns. INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION. Beginning with the 1988 series, industry classifications are based on the 1987 edition of the SIC ManuaL Because of time and cost limitations, it was not possible to retabulate 1987 data based on the revised SIC codes. Therefore, 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 21 users should exercise caution when analyzing changes in reported levels between 1998 and 1987 data years for industries affect by the revision. In a few instances, the most detailed industrial classification for which data are shown represents a combination of more detailed SIC industries (see Appendix B). The industry titles used throughout this series are the short SIC titles; complete descriptions are contained in the SIC manual. Typically, "unclassified establishments" include new businesses that cannot be classified im any major industry group because of insufficient industry information. GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION. Establishments are assigned State and county codes on the basis of their physical location. The independent cities in Virginia, and the cities of Baltimore, MD; Carson City, NV; and St. Louis, MO are treated as separate counties. Employers without a fixed location within a State (or of unknown county location are included under a "Statewide" classification at the end of the county data for each State. This incomplete detail causes only slight understatement of county employment in most major industry groups. 1 Page 22 ICPSR 6382 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 23 HOW TO USE THE DATA DICTIONARIES These computer-generated reports document the data contents and the record layout of each file. Below is a brief description of the information provided for each data item. The first line of each data item description gives the name, size/scale, begin position, data type and the variable label. Following these items, on subsequent lines, are any applicable notes and value codes. Each of these items is defined below. 1. NAME. This is an arbitrarily assigned 8-character identifier. It may be mnemonic such as "STATE" or "EDNUMEBER," or sequential identifier such as "TAB1," "TAB2," ETC. 2. SIZE/SCALE. The size of a data item is given in characters. The scale of a data item is given in integer powers of 10. Implied decimals or multiplers (in integer powers of ten only) are indicated by a "-" or a "+" followed by a number. For example, 123.45 would appear on the data tape as 12345, and the size/ scale value would be 5/-2. A number recorded in thousands (12,345,000 for example) would appear on the data tape as 12345 and the size/scale value would be 5/+3. Scale factors which are not an integer power of ten are identified in the notes following the label and in the footnotes. 3. BEGIN. This is the location in the data record of the first character of the data item. 4. DATA TYPE. The data type indicates whether the data item is alphanumeric (A) or numeric (N). 5. DESCRIPTION. LABEL. This is a single 40 character line or a set of 40 character lines that describes the data item. NOTES AND VALUE CODES. This section provides any relevant notes or footnote references. In addition, any value codes necessary for the data item are listed and labeled here. 1 Page 24 ICPSR 6382 1 ICPSR 6382 Page 25 COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1991 Data Dictionary U.S. Summary Data NOTE: "TOTFLAG" (Data Suppression Flag Total) denotes employment-size class data withheld to avoid disclosure (Confidentiality). Employment and payroll data are replaced by zeroes. ADDITIONAL NOTE: Each employment-size class has a 1-digit data suppression flag (e.g. "FLAG1-4"). A "D" in these fields denotes employment and payroll data are withheld to avoid disclosure. These data are replaced by zeroes.